While there are few theories originating in Japan that are recognized worldwide in the social sciences, this PM Theory is a globally recognized leadership theory. It was presented by social psychologist Jyuji Misumi in 1966, when he was a professor at Kyushu University.
In terms of time, it belongs to the “Leadership Behavior Theory,” which was the first theory system after the “Characteristic Theory” began to be rejected.
The word “behavior” is noteworthy. In other words, the approach is not to question the “qualities” of a leader, but rather to ask, “What kind of behavioral style does a good leader have?” Since behavior is a result, we will explore what functions are needed to lead to results. The PM Theory is organized in the following table.
PM Theory is organized in the following table.
Leadership is divided into two axes, Performance, which is the goal achievement function, and Maintenance, which is the group maintenance function, and is classified into four patterns according to the combination of their strengths and weaknesses.
The strongest are P and M, and the weakest are p and m, symbolizing the PM, Pm, pM, and pm types. And research has shown that the PM type is the most preferred leadership style.
It is a leadership style that focuses on achieving set goals and manages the group with attention to group cohesion and teamwork toward achieving those goals. It is truly “ideal leadership.
Yet, even without the hyperbole that it is a theory, many people may feel that it is.
The definition of “theory” is “systematic knowledge with universality that can explain individual facts and perceptions in a unified manner (Kojien)”. This is what makes it significant.
In constructing his PM Theory, Professor Misumi listed a vast number of action items and collected information. Inductively analyzing the information, two axes emerged. This is the PM Theory.
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This article was written in Japanese and converted into English using a translation tool. We hope you will forgive us for any inadequacies.
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